Matthew's Gospel breaks the long silence
that followed the ministry of Malachi the last of the Old Testament prophets.
This silence extended for four hundred years, and during that time God was hid
from Israel's view. Throughout this period there were no angelic
manifestations, no prophet spake for Jehovah, and, though the Chosen People
were sorely pressed, yet were there no Divine interpositions on their behalf.
For four centuries God shut His people up to His written Word. Again and again
had God promised to send the Messiah, and from Malachi's time and onwards the
saints of the Lord anxiously awaited the appearing of the predicted One. It is
at this point Matthew's Gospel is to present Christ as the Fulfiller of the
promises made to Israel and the prophecies which related to their Messiah. This
is why the word "fulfilled" occurs in Matthew fifteen times, and why there are
more quotations from the Old Testament in this first Gospel than in the
remaining three put together.
The position which Matthew's Gospel occupies in
the Sacred Canon indicates its scope: it follows immediately after the Old
Testament, and stands at the beginning of the New. It is therefore a connecting
link between them. Hence it is transitionary in its character, and more Jewish
than any other book in the New Testament. Matthew reveals God appealing to and
dealing with His Old Testament people; presents the Lord Jesus as occupying a
distinctively Jewish relationship; and, is the only one of the four Evangelists
that records Messiah's express declaration, "I am not sent but unto the lost
sheep of the House of Israel" (15:24). The numerical position given to
Matthew's Gospel in the Divine library confirms what has been said, for, being
the fortieth book it shows us Israel in the place of probation, tested by the
presence of Messiah in their midst.
Matthew presents the Lord Jesus as Israel's
Messiah and King, as well as the One who shall save His people from their sins.
The opening sentence gives the key to the book - "The book of the generation of
Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the Son of Abraham." Seven times the Lord Jesus
is addressed as "Son of David" in the Gospel, and ten times, altogether, is
this title found there. "Son of David" connects the Saviour with Israel's
throne, "Son of Abraham" linking Him with Israel's land - Abraham being the one
to whom Jehovah first gave the land. But nowhere after the opening verse is
this title "Son of Abraham" applied to Christ, for the restoration of the land
to Israel is consequent upon their acceptance of Him as their Saviour - King,
and that which is made prominent in this first Gospel is the presentation of
Christ as King - twelve times over is this title here applied to Christ.
Matthew is essentially the dispensational
Gospel and it is impossible to over-estimate its importance and value. Matthew
shows us Christ offered to the Jews, and the consequences of their
rejection of Him, namely, the setting aside of Israel, and God turning
in grace to the Gentiles. Rom. 15:8,9 summarizes the scope of Matthew's Gospel
- "Jesus Christ was a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, to
confirm the promises made unto the fathers; And that the Gentiles might glorify
God for His mercy." Christ was not only born of the Jews, but He was born,
first, to the Jews, so that in the language of their prophet they could
exclaim, "Unto us a Child is born, unto us a Son is given" (Isa. 9:6).
Matthew's Gospel explains why Israel, in their later books of the New
Testament, is seen temporally cast off by God, and why He is now taking out
from the Gentiles a people for His name; in other words, it makes known why, in
the present dispensation, the Church has superseded the Jewish theocracy. It
supplies the key to God's dealings with the earth in this Age: without a
workable knowledge of this first Gospel it is well-nigh impossible to
understand the remaining portions of the New Testament. We turn now to consider
some of the outstanding features and peculiar characteristics of Matthew's
Gospel.
The first thing which arrests our attention is
the opening verse. God, in His tender grace, has hung the key right over the
entrance. The opening verse is that which unlocks the contents of this Gospel -
"The book of the generation of Jesus Christ the Son of David, the Son of
Abraham." The first five English words here are but two in the Greek - "Biblos
geneseos." These two words indicate the peculiarly Jewish character of
the earlier portions of this Gospel, for it is an Old Testament expression. It
is noteworthy that this expression which commences the New Testament is found
almost at the beginning of the first book in the Old Testament, for in Gen. 5:1
we read, "This is the book of the generations of Adam." We need hardly say that
this word "generation" signifies the history of." These two "books" -
the book of the generation of Adam, and the book of the generation of Jesus
Christ - might well be termed the Book of Death and the Book of Life. Not only
does the whole Bible center around these two books, but the sum of human
destiny also. How strikingly this expression, found at the beginning of Genesis
and the beginning of Matthew, brings out the Unity of the two
Testaments!
In the book of Genesis we have eleven different
"generations" or histories enumerated, beginning with the "generations of the
heavens and the earth," and closing with the "generations of Jacob" - see 2:4;
5:1; 6:9; 11:10; 11:27; 25:12; 25:19; 36:1; 36:9; 37:2 - thus dividing the
first book of the Bible into twelve sections, twelve being the number of Divine
government, which is what is before us in Genesis - God in sovereign
government. From Exodus to Daniel we find government entrusted, instrumentally,
to Israel, and from Daniel onwards it is in the hands of the Gentiles; but in
Genesis we antedate the Jewish theocracy, and there government is found
directly in the hands of God, hence its twelvefold division. Twice more,
namely, in Num. 3:1 and Ruth 4:18, do we get this expression "the generation
of," making in the Old Testament thirteen in all, which is the number of
apostasy, for that is all the Law revealed! But, as we have seen, this
expression occurs once more (and there for the last time in Holy Writ) in the
opening verse of the New Testament, thus making fourteen in all, and the
fourteenth is "the book of the generation of Jesus Christ." How
profoundly significant and suggestive this is! Fourteen is 2 x 7, and two
signifies (among its other meanings) contrast or difference, and seven is the
number of perfection and completeness - and what a complete difference the
Coming of Jesus Christ made!
"The book of the generation of Jesus Christ,
the Son of David, the Son of Abraham" (Matt. 1:1). These titles of our
Saviour have, at least, a threefold significance. In the first place, both of
them connect Him with Israel: "Son of David" linking Him with Israel's Throne,
and "Son of Abraham" with Israel's Land. In the second place, "Son of David"
limits Him to Israel, whereas "Son of Abraham" is wider in its scope, reaching
forth to the Gentiles, for God's original promise was that in Abraham "shall
all the families of the earth be blessed" (Gen. 12:3). In the third place, as
Dr. W.L. Tucker has pointed out, these titles correspond exactly with the
twofold (structural) division of Matthew's Gospel.[1] Up to 4:16 all is Introductory, and 4:17 opens the first
division of the book, reading, "From that time Jesus began to preach,
and to say, Repent: for the Kingdom of heaven is at hand." This section treats
of the Official ministry of Christ and presents Him as "the Son of David." The
second section commences at 16:21 and reads, "From that time forth Jesus
began to show unto His disciples, how that He must go unto Jerusalem, and
suffer many things of the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed,
and be raised again the third day." This section treats, primarily, of the
Sacrificial work of Christ, and views Him as "the Son of Abraham," typified, of
old, by Isaac - laid on the altar.
Having dwelt at some length on the opening verse
of our Gospel, we may next notice that the remainder of the chapter down to the
end of verse 17 is occupied with the Genealogy of Jesus Christ. The prime
significance of this is worthy of our closest attention, for it fixes with
certainty the character and dominant theme of this Gospel. The very first book
of the New Testament opens a long list of names! What a proof that no
un-inspired man composed it! But God's thoughts and ways are ever different
from ours, and ever perfect too. The reason for this Genealogy is not far to
seek. As we have seen, the opening sentence of Matthew contains the key to the
book, intimating plainly that Christ is here viewed, first, in a Jewish
relationship, fully entitled to sit on David's Throne. How then is His title
established? By showing that, according to the flesh, He belonged to the royal
tribe: by setting forth His Kingly line of descent. A King's title to occupy
the throne depends not on the public ballot, but lies in his blood rights.
Therefore, the first thing which the Holy Spirit does in this Gospel is to give
us the Royal Genealogy of the Messiah, showing that as a lineal descendant of
David He was fully entitled to Israel's Throne.
The Genealogy recorded in Matt. 1 gives us not
merely the human ancestry of Christ, but, particularly, His royal line of
descent, this being one of the essential features which differentiates it from
the Genealogy recorded in Luke 3. The fundamental design of Matt. 1:1-17 is to
prove Christ's right to reign as King of the Jews. This is why the genealogy is
traced no further back than Abraham, he being the father of the Hebrew people.
This is why, in the opening verse, the order is "Jesus Christ, the Son of
David, the Son of Abraham," instead of "the Son of Abraham, the Son of David"
as might be expected from the order which immediately follows, for there we
start with Abraham and work up to David. Why, then, is this order reversed in
the opening verse? The answer must be that David comes first because it is
the Kingly line which is here being emphasised! This also explains why,
in verse 2 we read "Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob, and Jacob begat
Judah and his brethren." Why should Judah alone be here singled out for mention
from the twelve sons of Jacob? Why not have said "Jacob begat Reuben and his
brethren"? for he was Jacob's firstborn." If it be objected that the birthright
was transferred from Reuben to Joseph, then we ask, why not have said "Jacob
begat Joseph"? especially as Joseph was his favorite son. The answer is,
Because Judah was the royal tribe, and it is the Kingly line
which is here before us. Again: in verse 6 we read, "And Jesse begat David
the King: and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife
of Uriah." Of all those who reigned over Israel whose names are here recorded
in Matthew 1, David is the only one that is denominated "King," and he, twice
over in the same verse! Why is this, except to bring David into special
prominence, and thus show us the significance of the title given to our Lord in
the opening verse - "the Son of David."
There are many interesting features of this
Genealogy which we must now pass over, but its numerical arrangement calls for
a few brief comments. The Genealogy is divided into three parts: the first
section, running from Abraham to David, may be termed the period of
Preparation; the second section running from Solomon to the Babylonian
captivity, may be called the period of Degeneration; while the third period,
running from the Babylonian captivity till the Birth of Christ, may be named
the period of Expectation. The numeral three signifies, in Scripture,
manifestation, and how appropriate this arrangement was here, for not until
Christ appears is God's purpose concerning Abraham and his seed fully
manifested. Each of these three sections in the Royal Genealogy contains
fourteen generations, which is 2 x 7, two signifying (among its slightly varied
meanings) testimony or competent witness, and seven standing for perfection.
Again we may admire the consonancy of these numerals in this genealogy of
Christ, for only in Him do we get perfect testimony - the "Faithful and True
Witness." Finally, be it observed, that 14 x 3 gives us 42 generations in all
from Abraham to Christ, or 7 x 6, seven signifying perfection, and six being
the number of man, so that Christ - the forty-second from Abraham - brings us
to the Perfect Man!! How microscopically perfect is the Word of God!
"And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of
whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ" (Matt. 1:16). Matthew does not
connect Joseph and Jesus as father and son, but departs from the usual
phraseology of the genealogy so as to indicate the peculiarity, the uniqueness,
of the Saviour's birth. Abraham might begat Isaac, and Isaac begat Jacob, but
Joseph the husband of Mary did not begat Jesus, instead, we read, "Now the
birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: when as His mother Mary was espoused to
Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy
Spirit" (1:18). As Isaiah had foretold (7:14) seven hundred years before,
Messiah was to be born of "the virgin." But a virgin had no right to Israel's
throne, but Joseph had this right, being a direct descendant of David, and so
through Joseph, His legal father (for be it remembered that betrothal was as
binding with the Jews as marriage is with us) the Lord Jesus secured His
rights, according to the flesh, to be King of the Jews.
Coming now to Matt. 2 we may observe that we have
in this chapter an incident recorded which is entirely passed over by the other
Evangelists, but which is peculiarly appropriate in this first Gospel. This
incident is the visit of the wise men who came from the East to honor and
worship the Christ Child. The details which the Holy Spirit gives us of this
visit strikingly illustrate the distinctive character and scope of Matthew's
Gospel. This chapter opens as follows, "Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of
Judea in the days of Herod the King, behold, there came wise men from the east
to Jerusalem, Saying, Where is He that is born King of the Jews? for we have
seen His star in the east, and are come to worship Him." Notice, these wise men
came not inquiring, "Where is He that is born the Saviour of the world?", nor,
"Where is the Word now incarnate?", but instead, "Where is He that is born King
of the Jews?" The fact that Mark, Luke and John are entirely silent about this,
and the fact that Matthew's Gospel does record it, is surely proof positive
that this First Gospel presents Christ in a distinctively Jewish relationship.
The evidence for this is cumulative: there is first the peculiar expression
with which Matthew opens - "the book of the generation of," which is an Old
Testament expression, and met with nowhere else in the New Testament; there is
the first title which is given to Christ in this Gospel - "Son of David;" there
is the Royal Genealogy which immediately follows; and now there is the record
of the visit of the wise men, saying, "Where is He that is born King of the
Jews?" Thus has the Spirit of God made so plain and prominent the peculiarly
Jewish character of the opening chapters of Matthew's Gospel that none save
those who are blinded by prejudice can fail to see its true dispensational
place. Thus, too, has He rendered excuseless the foolish agitation which is
now, in certain quarters, being raised, and which tends only to confuse and
confound.
But there is far more in Matt. 2 than the
recognition of Christ as the rightful King of the Jews. The incident therein
narrated contains a foreshadowment of the reception which Christ was to meet
with here in the world, anticipating the end from the beginning. What we find
here in Matt. 2 is really a prophetic outline of the whole course of Matthew's
Gospel. First, we have the affirmation that the Lord Jesus was born "King of
the Jews;" then we have the fact that Christ is found not in Jerusalem, the
royal city, but outside of it; then we have the blindness and indifference of
the Jews to the presence of David's Son in their midst - seen in the fact that,
first, His own people were unaware that the Messiah was now there among them,
and second, in their failure to accompany the wise men as they left Jerusalem
seeking the young Child; then we are shown strangers from a far-distant land
with a heart for the Saviour, seeking Him out and worshipping Him; finally, we
learn of the civil ruler filled with hatred and seeking His life. Thus, the
incident as a whole marvellously foreshadowed Christ's rejection by the Jews
and His acceptance by the Gentiles. Thus do we find epitomized here the whole
burden of Matthew's Gospel, the special purpose of which is to show Christ
presenting Himself to Israel, Israel's rejection of Him, with the consequent
result of God setting Israel aside for a season, and reaching out in grace to
the despised Gentiles.
Next we read, "And when they were departed,
behold the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise and
take the young Child and His mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there
until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young Child to destroy Him"
(2:13). Observe that it is Joseph and not Mary that figures so prominently in
the first two chapters of Matthew, for it was not through His mother, but
through His legal father that the Lord Jesus acquired His title to David's
throne - compare Matt. 1:20, where Joseph is termed "son of David"! It should
also be pointed out that Matthew is, again, the only one of the four
Evangelists to record this journey into Egypt, and the subsequent return to
Palestine. This is profoundly suggestive, and strikingly in accord with the
special design of this First Gospel, for it shows how Israel's Messiah took the
very same place as where Israel's history as a Nation began!
"But when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the
Lord appeareth in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, Saying, Arise, and take the young
Child and His mother, and go into the land of Israel: for they are dead which
sought the young Child's life. And he arose, and took the young Child and His
mother, and came into the land of Israel" (2:19-21). Once more we discover
another line which brings out the peculiarly Jewish character of Matthew's
delineation of Christ. This is the only place in the New Testament where
Palestine is termed "the land of Israel," and it is significantly proclaimed as
such here in connection with Israel's King, for it is not until He shall set up
His Throne in Jerusalem that Palestine shall become in fact, as it has so long
been in promise, "the Land of Israel." Yet how tragically suggestive is the
statement that immediately follows here, and which closes Matt. 2. No sooner do
we read of "the land of Israel" than we find "But" as the very next word, and
in Scripture, "but" almost always points a contrast. Here we read, "But when he
heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his father Herod, he was
afraid to go thither: notwithstanding, being warned of God in a dream, he
turned aside into the parts of Galilee: And he came and dwelt in a city called
Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall
be called a Nazarene" (2:21-23). Nazareth was the most despised place in that
despised province of Galilee, and thus we see how early the Messiah took the
place of the despised One, again foreshadowing His rejection by the Jews - but
mention of "Nazareth" follows, be it observed, mention of "the land of
Israel."
Matthew 3 opens by bringing before us a most
striking character: "In those days" - that is, while the Lord Jesus still dwelt
in despised Nazareth of Galilee - "came John the Baptist, preaching in the
wilderness of Judea." He was the predicted forerunner of Israel's Messiah. He
was the one of whom Isaiah had said should prepare the way for the Lord, and
this by preparing a people to receive Him by such time as He should appear to
the public view. He came "in the spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17), to do
a work similar in character to that of the yet future mission of the Tisbite
(Matt. 4:5,6).
John addressed himself to the Covenant people,
and restricted himself to the land of Judea. He preached not in Jerusalem but
in the wilderness. The reason for this is obvious: God would not own the
degenerate system of Judaism, but stationed His messenger outside all the
religious circles of that day. The "wilderness" but symbolized the barrenness
and desolation of Israel's spiritual condition.
The message of John was simple and to the point -
"Repent ye." It was a call for Israel to judge themselves. It was a word which
demanded that the Jews take their proper place before God, confessing their
sins. Only thus could a people be made ready for the Lord, the Messiah. The
Call to Repentance was enforced by a timely warning - "Repent ye, for the
Kingdom of Heaven is at hand." Observe, "Repent ye" not because "the Saviour is
at hand," not because "God incarnate is now in your midst," and not because "A
new Dispensation has dawned;" but because "the Kingdom of Heaven" was "at
hand." What would John's hearers understand by this expression? What meaning
could those Jews attach to his words? Surely the Baptist did not employ
language which, in the nature of the case, it was impossible for them to grasp.
And yet we are asked to believe that John was here introducing Christianity! A
wilder and more ridiculous theory it would be hard to imagine. If by the
"Kingdom of Heaven" John signified the Christian dispension, then he addressed
those Jewish hearers in an unknown tongue. We say it with calm deliberation,
that if John bade his auditors repent because the Christian dispensation was
then being inaugurated, he mocked them, by employing a term which not only
must have been entirely un-intelligible to them, but utterly mis-leading. To
charge God's messenger with doing that is perilously near committing a sin
which we shrink from naming.
What then, we ask again, would John's hearers
understand him to mean when he said, "Repent ye, for the Kingdom of Heaven is
at hand"? Addressing, as he was, a people who were familiar with the Old
Testament Scriptures, they could place but one meaning upon his words, namely,
that he was referring to the Kingdom spoken of again and again by their
prophets - the Messianic Kingdom. That which should distinguish Messiah's
Kingdom from all the kingdoms that have preceded it, is this: all the kingdoms
of this world have been ruled over by Satan and his hosts, whereas, when
Messiah's Kingdom is established, it shall be a rule of the Heavens over the
earth.
The question has been raised as to why Israel
refused the Kingdom on which their hearts were set. Did not the establishing of
Messiah's Kingdom mean an end of the Roman dominion? and was not that the one
thing they desired above all others? In reply to such questions several things
must be insisted upon. In the first place, it is a mistake to say that Israel
"refused" the Kingdom, for, in strict accuracy of language, the Kingdom was
never "offered" to them - rather was the Kingdom heralded or proclaimed. The
Kingdom was "at hand" because the Heir to David's throne was about to present
Himself to them. In the second place, before the Kingdom could be set up,
Israel must first "Repent," but this, as is well known, is just what they, as a
nation, steadily refused to do. As we are expressly told in Luke 7:29,30. "And
all the people that heard him, and the publicans, justified God, being baptized
with the baptism of John. But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of
God against themselves, being not baptized of him." In the third place, the
reader will, perhaps, see our meaning clearer if we illustrate by an analogy:
the world today is eagerly longing for the Golden Age. A millennium of peace
and rest is the great desideratum among diplomats and politicians. But they
want it on their own terms. They desire to bring it about by their own efforts.
They have no desire for a Millennium brought about by the personal return to
earth of the Lord Jesus Christ. Exactly so was it with Israel in the days of
John the Baptist. True, they desired to be delivered from the Roman dominion.
True, they wished to be freed for ever from the Gentile yoke. True, they longed
for a millennium of undisturbed prosperity in a restored Palestine, but they
did not want it in GOD'S terms.
The ministry of John the Baptist is referred to
at greater or shorter length in each of the four Gospels, but Matthew is the
only one who records this utterance "Repent ye, for the Kingdom of heaven is at
hand." To ignore this fact is to fail in "rightly dividing the Word of truth."
It is to lose sight of the characteristic distinctions which the Holy Spirit
has been pleased to make in the four Gospels. It is to reduce those four
independent delineations of Christ's person and ministry to a meaningless
jumble. It is to lay bare the incompetency of a would-be-teacher of Scripture
as one who is not a "scribe who is instructed unto the Kingdom of heaven"
(Matt. 13:52).
John's baptism confirmed his preaching. He
baptized "unto repentance," and in Jordan, the river of death. Those who were
baptized "confessed their sins" (Mark 1:5), of which death was the just due,
the "wages" earned. But Christian baptism is entirely different from this:
there, we take not the place of those who deserve death, but of those who show
forth the fact that they have, already, died with Christ.
It is beyond our present purpose to attempt a
detailed exposition of this entire Gospel, rather shall we single out those
features which are characteristic of and peculiar to this first Gospel.
Accordingly, we may notice an expression found in 3:11, and which occurs
nowhere else in the New Testament outside of the four Gospels, and this is the
more remarkable because a portion of this very verse is quoted in the Acts.
Speaking to the Pharisees and Sadducees who had "come to his baptism," but whom
the Lord's forerunner quickly discerned were not in any condition to be
baptized; who had been warned to flee from the wrath to come, and therefore
were in urgent need of bringing forth "fruit meet for repentance" (in their
case, humbling themselves before God, abandoning their lofty pretensions and
self righteousness, and taking their place as genuine self-confessed sinners),
and to whom John had said, "Think not to say within yourselves, We have Abraham
to our father: for I say unto you, that God is able of these stones to raise up
children unto (not God, be it noted, but) Abraham" (v. 9); to them John
announced: but he that cometh after me is mightier than I, whose shoes I am not
worthy to bear: He shall baptize you with the Spirit and fire."
In Acts 1, where we behold the risen Lord in the
midst of His disciples, we read, "And, being assembled together with them,
commended them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the
promise of the Father, which, saith He, ye have heard of Me. For John truly
baptized with water: but ye shall e baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days
hence" (vv. 4,5). His forerunner had declared that Christ should baptize Israel
with "the Holy Spirit and fire," yet, here, the Lord speaks only of the
disciples being baptized with the Holy Spirit. Why is this? Why did the Lord
Jesus omit the words "and fire"? The simple answer is that in Scripture "fire"
is, invariably, connected with Divine judgment. Thus, the reason is obvious why
the Lord omits "and fire" from His utterance recorded in Acts 1. He was about
to deal, not in judgment but, in grace! It is equally evident why the words
"and fire" are recorded by Matthew, for his Gospel, deals, essentially with
Dispensational relationships, and makes known much concerning End-time
conditions. God is yet to "baptize" recreant Israel "with fire," the reference
being to the tribulation judgments, during the time of "Jacob's Trouble." Then
will the winnowing fan be held by the hand of the rejected Messiah, and then
"He will thoroughly purge His floor, and gather His wheat into the darner: but
He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire" (Matt. 3:12). How manifestly
do the words last quoted define for us the baptism of "fire"!
The silence of the risen Lord as to the "fire"
when speaking to the disciples about "the baptism of the Spirit," has added
force and significance when we find that Mark's Gospel gives the substance of
what Matthew records of the Baptist's utterance, while omitting the words "and
fire" - "There cometh One mightier than I after me, the latchet of whose shoes
I am not worthy to stoop down and unloose. I indeed have baptized you with
water: but He shall baptize you with the Holy Spirit" (Mark 1:7,8). Why is
this? Because, as we have pointed out, "fire" is the well-known symbol of God's
judgment (often displayed in literal fire), and Mark, who is presenting
Christ as the Servant of Jehovah, was most obviously led of the Spirit to leave
out the words "and fire," for as Servant He does not execute judgment.
The words "and with fire" are found, though, in Luke, and this, again, is most
significant. For, Luke is presenting Christ as "The Son of Man," and in John 5
we read, "And hath given Him authority to execute judgment also because He
is the Son of Man" (v. 27). How strikingly, then, does the inclusion of the
words "and fire" in Matthew and Luke, and their omission in Mark, bring out the
verbal inspiration of Scripture over the instruments He employed in the writing
of God's Word!
The closing verses of Matt. 3 show us the Lord
Jesus, in marvellous grace, taking His place with the believing remnant of
Israel: "Then cometh Jesus from Galilee to Jordan unto John, to be baptized of
him" (3:13). John was so startled that, at first, he refused to baptize Him -
so little do the best of men enter into the meaning of the things of God - "But
John forbad Him, saying, I have need to be baptized by Thee, and comest Thou to
me?" (3:14). Observe once more, that Matthew is the only one of the Evangelists
which mentions this shrinking of the Baptist from baptizing the Lord Jesus.
Appropriately does it find a place here, for it brings out the royal dignity
and majesty of Israel's Messiah. As to the meaning and significance of the
Saviour's baptism we do not now enter at length, suffice it here to say that it
revealed Christ as the One who had come down from heaven to act as the
Substitute of His people, to die in their stead, and thus at the beginning of
His public ministry He identifies Himself with those whom He represented,
taking His place alongside of them in that which spoke of death. The descent of
the Holy Spirit upon Him attested Him, indeed, as the true Messiah, the
Anointed One (see Acts 10:38), and the audible testimony of the Father
witnessed to His perfections, and fitness for the Work He was to do.
The first half of Matt. 4 records our Lord's
Temptation, into which we do not now enter. The next thing we are told is, "Now
when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, He departed into Galilee;
And leaving Nazareth, He came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea
coast, in the borders of Zebulon and Naphtali" (4:12,13), and this in order
that a prophecy of Isaiah's might be fulfilled. And then we read, "From that
time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the Kingdom of heaven is at
hand" (4:17). It would seem that the words "from that time" refer to the
casting of the Baptist into prison. John's message had been, "Repent ye, for
the Kingdom of heaven is at hand" (3:2), and now that His forerunner had been
incarcerated, the Messiah Himself takes up identically the same message - the
proclamation of the Kingdom. In keeping with this, we read, "And Jesus went
about all Galilee teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the Gospel (not,
be it noted, the "Gospel of the Grace of God" - Acts 20:24; nor "the Gospel of
Peace" - Eph. 6:15; but "the Gospel") of the Kingdom, and healing all
manner of sickness and all manner of disease among the people" (4:23).
Our Lord's miracles of healing were not simply
exhibitions of power, or manifestations of mercy, they were also a supplement
of His preaching and teaching, and their prime value was evidential. These
miracles, which are frequently termed "signs," formed an essential part of
Messiahs credentials. This is established, unequivocally, by what we read in
Matt. 11. When John the Baptist was cast into prison, his faith as to the
Messiahship of Jesus wavered, and so he sent two of His disciples unto Him,
asking, "Art Thou He that should come, or do we look for another?" (11:2).
Notice, carefully, the Lord's reply, "Go and show John again those things which
ye do hear and see: The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the
lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor
have the Gospel preached to them" (11:4,5). Appeal was made to two things: His
teaching and His miracles of healing. The two are linked together, again, in
9:35 - "And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching in their
synagogues, and preaching the Gospel of the Kingdom, and healing every
sickness, and every disease among the people." And, again, when the Lord
sent forth, the Twelve, "But go rather to the lost sheep of the House of
Israel. And as ye go, preach, saying, The Kingdom of heaven is at hand. Heal
the sick, raise the dead, cast out demons; freely ye have received, freely
give" (10:6-8). Miracles of healing, then, were inseparately connected with the
Kingdom testimony. They were among the most important of "The Signs of the
times" concerning which the Messiah reproached the Pharisees and Sadducees for
their failure to discern (see Matt. 16:1-3). Similar miracles of healing shall
be repeated when the Messiah returns to the earth, for we read in Is. 35:4-6,
"Say to them that are of a fearful heart, Be strong, fear not: behold, your God
will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense; He will come and save you
(i.e., the godly Jewish remnant of the tribulation period). Then the eyes of
the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.
Then shall the lame man leap as a hart, and the tongue of the dumb sing." It
should be diligently observed that Matthew, once more, is the only one of the
four Evangelists that makes mention of the Lord Jesus going forth and preaching
"The Gospel of the Kingdom," as he is the only one that informs us of the
Twelve being sent out with the message to the lost sheep of the House of
Israel, "The Kingdom of heaven is at hand." How significant this is! and how it
indicates, again, the peculiarly Jewish character of these opening chapters of
the New Testament!
As the result of these miracles of healing
Messiah's fame went abroad throughout the length and breadth of the Land, and
great multitudes followed Him. It is at this stage, we read, "And seeing the
multitudes, He went up into a mountain: and when He was set, His disciples came
unto Him: and He opened His mouth, and taught them" (5:1,2). We are tempted to
pause here, and enter into a detailed examination of this important, but much
mis-understood portion of Scripture - the "Sermon on the Mount." But we must
not depart from the central design of this book, hence a few words by way of
summary is all we shall now attempt.
The first thing to be remarked is that "the
Sermon on the Mount" recorded in Matt. 5 to 7 is peculiar to this first Gospel,
no mention of it being made in the other three. This, together with the fact
that in Matthew the "Sermon on the Mount" is found in the first section of the
book, is sufficient to indicate its dispensational bearings. Secondly, the
place from whence this "Sermon" was delivered affords another key to its scope.
It was delivered from a "mountain." When the Saviour ascended the mount He was
elevated above the common level, and did, in symbolic action, take His place
upon the Throne. With Matt. 5:1 should be compared 17:1 - it was upon a
mountain that the Messiah was "transfigured," and in that wonderous scene we
behold a miniature and spectacular setting forth of "the Son of Man coming in
His Kingdom" (see 16:28). Again, in 24:3, we find that it was upon a mountain
that Christ gave that wondrous prophecy (recorded in 24 and 25) which describes
the conditions which are to prevail just before the Kingdom of Christ is set
up, and which goes on to tell of what shall transpire when He sits upon the
Throne of His glory. With these passages should be compared two others in the
Old Testament which clinch what we have just said. In Zech. 14:4 we read, "And
His feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives," the
reference being to the return of Christ to the earth to set up His Kingdom.
Again, in Psalm 2 we read that God shall yet say, in reply to the concerted
attempt of earth's rulers to prevent it, "Yet have I set My King upon My
holy Hill of Zion."[2]
The "Sermon on the Mount" sets forth the
Manifesto of the King. It contains the "Constitution" of His Kingdom. It
defines the character of those who shall enter into it. It tells of the
experiences through which they pass while being fitted for that Kingdom. It
enunciates the laws which are to govern their conduct. The authority of
the King is evidences by His "I say unto you," repeated no less than fourteen
times in this "Sermon." The effect this had upon those who heard Him is
apparent from the closing verses, "And it came to pass, when Jesus had ended
these sayings, the people were astonished at His doctrine: for He taught them
as One having authority, and not as the scribes" (7:28,29).
Another line of evidence which brings out
Christ's authority (ever the most prominent characteristic in connection
with a King), which is very pronounced in this Gospel, is seen in His command
over the angels. One thing found in connection with kings is the many servants
they have to wait upon them and do their bidding. So we find here in connection
with "the Son of David." In Matt. 13:41 we read, "The Son of man shall send
forth His angels, and they shall gather out of His Kingdom all things that
offend, and them which do iniquity." Observe that here these celestial servants
are termed not "the angels," but, specifically, "His angels," that is,
Messiah's angels, and that they are sent forth in connection with "His
Kingdom." Again, in 24:30,31 we read, "And they shall see the Son of Man coming
in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory (this, at His return to
earth to establish His Kingdom). And He shall send His angels with a greatsound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together His elect from the four
winds, from one end of heaven to the other." And, again in 26:53, "Thinkest
thou that I cannot now pray to (better, "ask") My Father, and He shall
presently (immediately) give Me more than twelve legions of angels?" Matthew,
be it particularly noted, is the only one that brings out this feature.
Still another line of evidence of the Kingly
majesty of Christ should be pointed out. As it is well known, kings are honored
by the homage paid them by their subjects. We need not be surprised, then, to
find in this Gospel, which depicts the Saviour as "the Son of David," that
Christ is frequently seen as the One before whom men prostrated themselves.
Only once each in Mark, Luke, and John, do we read of Him receiving worship,
but here in Matthew no less than ten times! See 2:2,8,11; 8:2; 9:18; 14:33;
15:25; 20:20; 28:9,17.
Coming now to Matt. 10 (in 8 and 9 we have the
Authentication of the King by the special miracles which He wrought), in the
opening verses we have an incident which is recorded in each of the first three
Gospels, namely, the selection and sending forth of the Twelve. But in
Matthew's account there are several characteristic lines found nowhere else.
For instance, only here do we learn that when the Lord sent them forth, He
commanded them, saying, "Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city
of the Samaritans enter ye not: But go rather to the lost sheep of the House of
Israel" (10:5,6). Perfectly appropriate is this here, but it would have been
altogether out of place in any of the others. Notice, also, that the Lord
added, "And as ye go, preach, saying, The Kingdom of heaven is at hand." How
the connection in which this expression is found defines for us its
dispensational scope! It was only to "the lost sheep of the House of Israel"
they were to say "The Kingdom of heaven is at hand"!
In Matt. 12 we have recorded the most remarkable
miracle the Messiah performed before His break with Israel. It was the healing
of a man possessed of a demon, and who, in addition, was both dumb and blind.
Luke, also, records the same miracle, but in describing the effects this wonder
had upon the people who witnessed it, Matthew mentions something which Luke
omits, something which strikingly illustrates the special design of his Gospel.
In the parallel passage in Luke 11:14 we read, "And He was casting out a demon,
and it was dumb. And it came to pass, when the demon was gone out, the dumb
spake; and the people wondered," and there the beloved physician stops. But
Matthew says, "And all the people were amazed, and said, Is not this the Son
of David?" (12:23). Thus we see, again, how that the bringing out of the
Kingship of Christ is the particular object which Matthew, under the Holy
Spirit, had before him.
In Matt. 13 we find the seven parables of the
Kingdom (in its "mystery" form), the first of which is the well known parable
of the Sower, the Seed, and the Soils. Both Mark and Luke also record it, but
with characteristic differences of detail. We call attention to one point in
Christ's interpretation of it. Mark reads, "The Sower soweth the Word" (4:14).
Luke says, "Now the parable is this: the Seed is the Word of God" (8:11). But
Matthew, in harmony with his theme says, "Hear ye therefore the parable of the
Sower. When anyone heareth the Word of the Kingdom" etc. (13:18,19). This is
but a minor point, but how it brings out the perfections of the Holy Writ, down
to the minutest detail! How evident it is that no mere man, or number of men,
composed this Book of books! Well many we sing, "How firm a foundation, ye
saints of the Lord, is laid for your faith in His excellent Word."
In Matt. 15 we have the well known incident of
the Cananitish woman coming to Christ on the behalf of her demon-distressed
daughter. Mark also mentions the same, but omits several of the distinguishing
features noted by Matthew. We quote first Mark's account, and then Matthew's,
placing in italics the expressions which show forth the special design of his
Gospel. "A certain woman whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of
Him, and came and fell at His feet. The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by
nation; and she besought Him that He would cast forth the demon out of her
daughter. But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is
not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it unto the dogs. And she
answered and said unto Him, Yes, Lord; yet the dogs under the table eat of the
children's crumbs. And He said unto her, For this saying go thy way: the demon
is gone out of thy daughter" (Mk. 7:25-29). "Behold, a woman of Canaan came out
of the same coasts, and cried unto Him saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord,
Thou Son of David: my daughter is grievously vexed with a demon. But
He answered her not a word (for, as a Gentile, she had no claim upon Him as
the "Son of David"). And His disciples came and besought Him, saying, Send her
away; for she crieth after us. But He answered and said, I am not sent but
unto the lost sheep of the House of Israel. Then came she and worshipped
Him, saying Lord, help me. But He answered and said, It is not meet to take the
children's bread, and to cast it to dogs. And she said, Truth, Lord; yet the
dogs eat of the crumbs, which fall from their master's table. Then Jesus
answered and said unto her, O woman great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as
thou wilt" (Matt. 15:22-28).
In the opening verse of Matt. 16 we read of how
the Pharisees and Sadducees came to Christ tempting Him, and desiring that He
would show them a sign from heaven. Mark and Luke both refer to this, but
neither of them record that part of our Lord's reply which is found here in
verse 2 and 3 - "He answered and said unto them, When it is evening, ye say, It
will be fair weather: for the sky is red. And in the morning, It will be foul
weather to day: for the sky is red and lowring. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern
the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the Signs of the Times?" The
"signs of the times" were the fulfillment of the Old Testament predictions
concerning the Messiah. Every proof had been given to Israel that He was,
indeed, the promised One. He had been born of a "virgin," in Bethlehem, the
appointed place; a forerunner had prepared His way, exactly as Isaiah had
foretold; and, in addition, there had been His mighty works, just as prophecy
had fore-announced. But the Jews were blinded by their pride and
self-righteousness. That Matthew alone makes mention of the Messiah's reference
to these "Signs of the Times" is still another evidence of the distinctively
Jewish character of his Gospel.
In Matt. 16:18 and 18:17 the "church" is twice
referred to, and Matthew is the only one of the four Evangelists which makes
any direct mention of it. This has puzzled many, but the explanation is quite
simple. As previously pointed out, the great purpose of this first Gospel is to
show how Christ presented Himself to the Jews, how they rejected Him as their
Messiah, and what were the consequences of this, namely, the setting aside of
Israel by God for a season, and His visiting the Gentiles in sovereign grace to
take out of them a people for His name. Thus, are we here shown how that, and
why, the Church has, in this dispensation, superseded the Jewish theocracy.
In Matt. 20 we have recorded the parable of the
Householder, who went out and hired laborers for His vineyard, agreeing to pay
them one penny for the day. Matthew is the only of the Evangelists that refers
to this parable, and the pertinency of its place in his Gospel is clear on the
surface. It brings out a characteristic of the Kingdom of Christ. The parable
tells of how, at the end of the day, when the workers came to receive their
wages, there was complaining among them, because those hired at the eleventh
hour received the same as those who had toiled all through the day - verily,
there is nothing new under the sun, the dis-satisfaction of Labor being seen
here in the first century! The Owner of the vineyard vindicated Himself by
reminding the dis-contented workers that He paid to each what they had agreed
to accept, and then inquired, "Is it not lawful for Me to do what I will with
Mine own?" Thus did He, as Sovereign, insist on His rights to pay what He
pleased, no one being wronged thereby.
In Matt. 22 we have the parable of the wedding
feast of the King's Son. A parable that is very similar to this one is found in
Luke's Gospel, and while there are many points of resemblance between them, yet
are there some striking variations. In Luke 14:16 we read, "Then said He unto
him, A certain man made a great supper, and bade many." Whereas, in Matt. 22:2
we are told, "The Kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain King, which made a
marriage for His Son." At the close of this parable in Matthew there is
something which finds no parallel whatever in Luke. Here we read, "And when the
King came in to see the guests, He saw there a guest which had not on a wedding
garment: And He saith unto him, Friend, how comest thou in hither not having a
wedding garment? And he was speechless. Then said the King to His servants,
Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness:
there shall be weeping, and gnashing of teeth" (22:11-13). How this brings out
the authority of the King needs scarcely to be pointed out.
The whole of Matt. 25 is peculiar to this first
Gospel. We cannot now dwell upon the contents of this interesting chapter, but
would call attention to what is recorded in verses 31 to 46. That the contents
of these verses is found nowhere else in the four Gospels, and its presence
here is another proof of the design and scope of Matthew's. These verses
portray the Son of man seated upon the throne of His glory, and before Him are
gathered all nations, these being divided into two classes, and stationed on
His right and left hand, respectively. In addressing each class we read, "Then
shall the King say" etc. (see verses 34 and 40).
There are a number of items concerning the
Passion of the Lord Jesus recorded only by Matthew. In 26:59,60 we read, "Now
the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witnesses
against Jesus, to put Him to death. But found none. At the last came two false
witnesses" - two, because that was the minimum number required by the law, in
order that the truth might be established. It is interesting to note how
frequently the two witnesses are found in Matthew. In 8:28 we read, "And when
He was come to the other side into the country of the Gergesenes, there met Him
two possessed with demons" - compare Mark 5:1,2, where only one of these men is
referred to. Again in 9:27 we read, "And when Jesus departed thence two blind
men followed Him" etc. - compare Mark 10:46. In 11:2 we are told, "When John
had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples."
Finally, in 27:24 we find Pilate's testimony to the fact that Christ was a
"just man," but in 27:19 we also read, "His wife sent unto him, saying, Have
thou nothing to do with that just man." And this, as well as the others cited
above, is found only in Matthew. Again, in 26:63,64 we find a characteristic
word omitted and said unto Him, I adjure thee by the living God, that Thou tell
us whether Thou be the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus said unto him, Thou hast
said: nevertheless I say unto you, Hereafter shall ye see the Son of man
sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven." Here
only are we told that the guilty Jews cried, "His blood be on us, and on our
children" (27:25). And again, Matthew is the only one that informs us of the
enmity of Israel pursuing their Messiah even after His death - see 27:62-64.
The closing chapter of this Gospel is equally
striking. No mention is made by Matthew of the Ascension of Christ. This, too,
is in perfect accord with the theme and scope of this Gospel. The curtain falls
here with the Messiah still on earth, for it is on earth, and not in heaven,
that the Son of David shall yet reign in glory. Here only is recorded the
Lord's word, "All power is given unto Me in heaven and in earth" (28:18) - for
"power" is the outstanding mark of a king. Finally, the closing verses form a
fitting conclusion, for they view Christ, on a "mountain," commanding and
commissioning His servants to go forth and disciple the nations, ending
with the comforting assurance, "Lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of
the Age."
[1]
Dr. Tucher calls attention to the literary divisions of Matthew's Gospel: the dispensational break occurring at the close of chapter 12.
[2] In marked contrast from Matthew's "Sermon on the Mount" is Luke's "Sermon in the Plain" - 6:17 etc. How significant and appropriate! Luke presents the Lord Jesus as "Son of Man," born in a manger, and entering into the sorrows and sufferings of men. How fitting, then, that here He should be heard speaking from "the Plain" - the common level, rather than from "the Mount," the place of eminence!