Page 186 Note 4 Three Essays, pp. 29--31: "In sober truth, nearly all the things which men are hanged or imprisoned for doing to one another, are Nature's everyday performances," etc.
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Page 187 Note 1 Cf. Martineau, Study of Religion, ii. pp. 131--135 (Book ii. chap. iii.).
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Page 187 Note 2 Cf. Ott, Le Probleme du Mal, p. 18; Naville, do., p. 50 (Eng. trans.).
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Page 187 Note 3 These disturbances, however, present a very different aspect when viewed in relation to man.See below.
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Page 188 Note 1 Gen. i. 11, 12 (seed producing).
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Page 188 Note 2 We may exaggerate, too, the power of sensibility in the lower species of animals.See on this, Mivart, Lessons from Nature, pp. 368, 369. "Though, of course, animals feel, they do not know that they feel, nor reflect upon the sufferings they have had, or will have to endure. . . . If a wasp, while enjoying a meal of honey, has its slender waist suddenly snipped through and its whole abdomen cut away, it does not allow such a trifle for a moment to interrupt its pleasurable repast, but it continues to rapidly devour the savoury food, which escapes as rapidly from its mutilated thorax."--P. 369.
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Page 188 Note 3 E.g. the Sermon on the Mount, Matt. vi. 26.Another note as respects creation as a whole is struck by Paul in Rom., viii. 19-22.
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Page 189 Note 1 Cf. for an example of this a passage quoted from De Maistre by Naville, p. 54: "In the vast domain of living Nature open violence reigns, a kind of fury which arms all creatures in mutua funera," etc.
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Page 189 Note 2 Tennyson, In Memoriam, lv.
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Page 189 Note 3 Martineau says: "I will be content with a single question, How would you dispose of the dead animals . . . . If no creature would touch muscular fibre, or adipose tissue, or blood, and all animated nature had to he provided with cemeteries like ours, we should be baffled by an unmanageable problem; the streams would be poisoned, and the forests and the plains would be as noisome as the recent battlefield.Nature, in her predatory tribes, has appointed a sanitary commission, and in her carrion-feeders a burial board, far more effective than those which watch over our villages and cities."--Study of Religion, ii. p. 95. See his whole treatment of this problem.
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Page 189 Note 4 System of Doctrine, ii. pp. 33--99 (Eng. trans.).Dorner mentions the idea of Aquinas of "a complete world, exhibiting without a break all possible forms of life."--P. 99.
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Page 190 Note 1 1 Cor. xv. 46.
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Page 190 Note 2 The difficulty is "modified," as said, but not altogether removed, by these considerations, especially when the world is viewed in its teleological relations to man, and when stress is laid, not only on the mere fact of the preying of one creature on another, but on some of the kinds of creatures with which the earth is stocked, and on the manner of their warfare; on their hideousness, repulsiveness, fierceness, unnecessary cruelty,etc. See a powerful statement in Martensen's Jacob Bohme, pp. 217-222 (Eng. trans.).
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Page 190 Note 3 To a certain extent these disturbances affect animals also, hut in these cases. the question is subordinate.
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Page 191 Note 1 Thus Rothe, Pfleiderer, Martineau, Ott, etc.
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Page 191 Note 2 Cf. Browning, Ferishtah's Fancies--"Mihrab Shah."
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Page 191 Note 3 The theodicy in Job takes this form.
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Page 191 Note 4 Cf. Lotze, Outlines of Philosophy of Religion (Eng. trans.), pp. 124, 125; end Browning, La Saisiaz, Works, xiv. p. 181:--
"What, no way but this that man may learn and lay to heart how rife?
Life were with delights would only death allow their taste to life?
Must the rose sigh 'Pluck--I perish!' must the eve weep 'Gaze--I fade!'
--Every sweet warn "Ware my bitter!' every shine hid 'Wait my shade'?
Can we love but on condition that the thing we love must die?
Needs there groan a world in anguish just to teach us sympathy--
Multitudinously wretched that we, wretched too, may guess
What a preferable state were universal happiness? "
Page 192 Note 1 Religionsphilosophic, iv. p. 63 (Eng. trans.).
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Page 192 Note 2 Problem of Evil, p. 65 (Eng. trans.).
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Page 193 Note 1 Matt. xxiii. 35; cf. John v. 14: "Sin no more, lest a worse thing come unto thee."
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Page 193 Note 2 Cf., e.g., Ritschl Recht. und Ver. m. p. 334; Pfleiderer, Religionsphilosophie, iv. pp. 42-44.
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Page 193 Note 3 Rom. viii. 28.
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Page 194 Note 1 Dorner, System of Doctrine, ii. p. 67 (Eng. trans.); Delitzsch, New Commentary on Genesis, i. e. 103 (Eng. trans.)."The whole of the six days' creation," says the latter, "is, so to speak, supralapsarian, he. so constituted that the consequences of this foreseen fall of man were taken into account."
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Page 194 Note 2 This theory is ingeniously argued out in an interesting chapter in Bushnell's Nature and the Supernatural, chap. vii., "Anticipative Consequences." Cf. also Hugh Miller's Footprints of the Creator, pp. 268ff.; "Final Causes; their Bearing on Geologic History "; and Hitchcock, Religion of Geology, Lecture III.I have not touched on another theory, beginning with Bohme, which connects the present state of creation with yet earlier, i.e. daemonic evil. The most striking statement of this theory is perhaps in Martensen, Jacob Bohme (Eng. trans.), pp. 217-222--a passage already referred to.See the theory criticised in Reusch's Nature and the Bible, Book i. chap. xvii. (Eng. trans.).
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Page 195 Note 1 Destiny of the Creature, p. 7.
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Page 195 Note 2 Thus also Dorner: "So far, then, as sin retards this perfection, it may certainly be said that Nature is detained by sin in a state of corruption against its will, as well as that it has been placed in a long-enduring state of corruptibleness, which, apart from sin, was unnecessary, if the assimilation of Nature by spirit could have been accomplished forthwith."--Syst. of Doct. 22. p. 66.
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