OF JUSTIFICATION
CCXCII.
It is impossible for a papist to understand this article: "I believe the
forgiveness of sins." For the papists are drowned in their opinions, as I also
was when among them, of the cleaving to or inherent
righteousness.
The Scripture names the
faithful, saints and people of God. It is a sin and shame that we should forget
this glorious and comfortable name and title. But the papists are such direct
sinners, that they will not be reckoned sinners; and again, they will neither
be holy nor held so to be. And in this sort it goes on with them untoward and
crosswise, so that they neither believe the Gospel which comforts, nor the law
which punishes.
But here one may say: the sins which we daily
commit, offend and anger God; how then can we be holy? Answer: A mother's love
to her child is much stronger than the distaste of the scurf upon the child's
head. Even so, God's love towards us is far stronger than our uncleanness.
Therefore, though we be sinners, yet we lose not thereby our childhood, neither
do we fall from grace by reason of our sins.
Another may say; we sin without ceasing, and
where sin is, there the Holy Spirit is not; therefore we are not holy, because
the Holy Spirit is not in us, which makes holy. Answer: The text says plainly;
"The Holy Ghost shall glorify me." Now where Christ is, there is the Holy
Spirit. Now Christ is in the faithful, although they have and feel, and confess
sins, and with sorrow of heart complain thereof, therefore sins do not separate
Christ from those that believe.
The God of the Turks helps no longer or further,
as they think, than as they are godly people; in like manner also the God of
the papists. So when Turk and papist begin to feel their sins and unworthiness,
as in time of trial and temptation, or in death, then they tremble and
despair.
But a true Christian says: "I believe in Jesus
Christ my Lord and Saviour," who gave himself for my sins, and is at God's
right hand, and intercedes for me; fall I into sin, as, alas! oftentimes I do,
I am sorry for it; I rise again, and am an enemy unto sin. So that we plainly
see, the true Christian faith is far different from the faith and religion of
the pope and Turk. But human strength and nature are not able to accomplish
this true Christian faith without the Holy Spirit. It can do no more than take
refuge in its own deserts.
But he that can say: "I am a child of God through
Christ, who is my righteousness," and despairs not, though he be deficient in
good works, which always fail us, he believes rightly. But grace is so great
that it amazes a human creature, and is very difficult to be believed. Insomuch
that faith gives the honor to God, that he can and will perform what he
promised, namely, to make sinners righteous, Rom. iv., though `tis an exceeding
hard matter to believe that God is merciful unto us for the sake of Christ. O!
man's heart is too strait and narrow to entertain or take hold of this.
CCXCIII.
All men, indeed, are not alike strong, so
that in some many faults, weaknesses, and offences, are found; but these do not
hinder them of sanctification, if they sin not of evil purposes and
premeditation, but only out of weakness. For a Christian, indeed, feels the
lusts of the flesh, but he resists them, and they have not dominion over him;
and although, now and then, he stumbles and falls into sin, yet it is forgiven
him, whom he raises again, and holds on to Christ, who will not "That the lost
sheep be hunted away, but he sought after."
CCXCIV.
Why do Christians make use of their natural
wisdom and understanding, seeing it must be set aside in matters of faith, as
not only not understanding them, but also as striving against them?
Answer: The natural wisdom of a human creature in
matters of faith, until he be regenerate and born anew, is altogether darkness,
knowing nothing in divine cases. But in a faithful person, regenerate and
enlightened by the Holy Spirit, through the Word, it is a fair and glorious
instrument, and work of God: for even as all God's gifts, natural instruments,
and expert faculties, are hurtful to the ungodly, even so are they wholesome
and saving to the good and godly.
The understanding, through faith, receives life
from faith; that which was dead, is made alive again; like as our bodies, in
light day, when it is clear and bright, and better disposed, rise, move, walk,
etc., more readily and safely than they do in the dark night, so it is with
human reason, which strives not against faith, when enlightened, but rather
furthers and advances it.
So the tongue, which before blasphemed God, now
lauds, extols, and praises God and his grace, as my tongue, now it is
enlightened, is now another manner of tongue than it was in popedome; a
regeneration done by the Holy Ghost through the Word.
A sanctified and upright Christian says: My wife,
my children, my art, my wisdom, my money and wealth, help and avail me nothing
in heaven; yet I cast them not away nor reject them when God bestows such
benefits upon me, but part and separate the substance from the vanity and
foolery which cleave thereunto. Gold is and remains gold as well when a
strumpet carries it about her, as when `tis with an honest, good, and godly
woman. The body of a strumpet is even as well God's creature, as the body of an
honest matron. In this manner ought we to part and separate vanity and folly
from the thing and substance, or from the creature given and God who created
it.
CCXCV.
Upright and faithful Christians ever think
they are not faithful, nor believe as they ought; and therefore they constantly
strive, wrestle, and are diligent to keep and to increase faith, as good
workmen always see that something is wanting in their workmanship. But the
botchers think that nothing is wanting in what they do, but that everything is
well and complete. Like as the Jews conceive they have the ten commandments at
their fingers end, whereas, in truth, they neither learn nor regard them.
CCXCVI.
Truly it is held for presumption in a human
creature that he dare boast of his own proper righteousness of faith; `tis a
hard matter for a man to say: I am the child of God, and am comforted and
solaced through the immeasurable grace and mercy of my heavenly Father. To do
this from the heart, is not in every man's power. Therefore no man is able to
teach pure and aright touching faith, nor to reject the righteousness of works,
without sound practice and experience. St Paul was well exercised in this art;
he speaks more vilely of the law than any arch heretic can speak of the
sacrament of the altar, of baptism, or than the Jews have spoken thereof; for
he names the law, the ministration of death, the ministration of sin, and the
ministration of condemnation; yea, he holds all the works of the law, and what
the law requires, without Christ, dangerous and hurtful, which Mosts, if he had
then lived, would doubtless have taken very ill at Paul's hands. It was,
according to human reason, spoken too scornfully.
CCXCVII.
Faith and hope are variously distinguishable.
And, first, in regard of the subject, wherein everything subsists: faith
consists in a person's understanding, hope in the will; these two cannot be
separated; they are like the two cherubim over the mercy seat.
Secondly, in regard of the office; faith indites,
distinguishes, and teaches, and is the knowledge and acknowledgment; hope
admonishes, awakens, hears, expects, and suffers.
Thirdly, in regard to the object: faith looks to
the word or promise, which is truth; but hope to that which the Word promises,
which is the good or benefit.
Fourthly, in regard of order in degree: faith is
first, and before all adversities and troubles, and is the beginning of life.
Heb. xi. But hope follows after, and springs up in trouble. Rom. v.
Fifthly, by reason of the contrariety: faith
fights against errors and heresies; it proves and judges spirits and doctrines.
But hope strives against troubles and vexations, and among the evil it expects
good.
Faith in divinity, is the wisdom and providence,
and belongs to the doctrine. But hope is the courage and joyfulness in
divinity, and pertains to admonition. Faith is the dialectica, for it is
altogether prudence and wisdom; hope is the rhetorica, an elevation of
the heart and mind. As wisdom without courage is futile, even so faith without
hope is nothing worth; for hope endures and overcomes misfortune and evil. And
as a joyous valor without understanding is but rashness, so hope without faith
is spiritual presumption. Faith is the key to the sacred Scriptures, the right
Cabata or exposition, which one receives of tradition, as the prophets
left this doctrine to their disciples. `Tis said St Peter wept whenever he
thought of the gentleness with which Jesus taught. Faith is given from one to
another, and remains continually in one school. Faith is not a quality, as the
schoolmen say, but a gift of God.
CCXCVIII.
Everything that is done in the world is done
by hope. No husbandman would sow one grain of corn, if he hoped not it would
grow up and become seed; no bachelor would marry a wife, if he hope not to have
children; no merchant or tradesman would set himself to work, if he did not
hope to reap benefit thereby, etc. How much more, then, does hope urge us on to
everlasting life and salvation?
CCXCIX.
Faith's substance is our will; its manner is
that we take hold on Christ by divine instinct; its final cause and fruit, that
it purifies the heart, makes us children of God, and brings with it the
remission of sins.
CCC.
Adam received the promise of the woman's seed ere
he had done any work or sacrifice, to the end God's truth might stand fast -
namely, that we are justified before God altogether without works, and obtain
forgiveness of sins merely by grace. Whoso is able to believe this well and
steadfastly, is a doctor above all the doctors in the world.
CCCI.
Faith is not only necessary, that thereby the
ungodly may become justified and saved before God, and their hearts be settled
in peace, but it is necessary in every other respect. St Paul says: "Now that
we are justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus
Christ."
CCCII.
Joseph of Arimathea had a faith in Christ,
like as the apostles had; he thought Christ would have been a worldly and
temporal potentate; therefore he took care of him as a good friend, and buried
him honorably. He believed not that Christ should raise again from death, and
become a spiritual and everlasting king.
CCCIII.
When Abraham shall rise again at the last
day, then he will chide us for our unbelief, and will say: I had not the
hundredth part of the promises which ye have, and yet I believed. That example
of Abraham exceeds all human natural reason, who, overcoming the paternal love
he bore towards his only son, Isaac, was all obedient to God, and against the
law of nature, would have sacrificed that son. What, for the space of three
days, he felt in his breast, how his heart yearned and panted, what hesitations
and trials he had, cannot be expressed.
CCCIV.
All heretics have continually failed in this
one point, that they do not rightly understand or know the article of
justification. If we had not this article certain and clear, it were impossible
we could criticize the pope's false doctrine of indulgences and other
abominable errors, much less be able to overcome greater spiritual errors and
vexations. If we only permit Christ to be our Saviour, then we have won, for he
is the only girdle which clasps the whole body together, as St Paul excellently
teaches. If we look to the spiritual birth and substance of a true Christian,
we shall soon extinguish all deserts of good works; for they serve us to no
use, neither to purchase sanctification, nor to deliver us from sin, death,
devil or hell.
Little children are saved only by faith, without
any good works; therefore faith alone justifies. If God's power be able to
effect that in one, then he is also able to accomplish it in all; for the power
of the child effects it not, but the power of faith; neither is it done through
the child's weakness or disability; for then that weakness would be merit of
itself, or equivalent to merit. It is a mischievous thing that we miserable,
sinful wretches will upbraid God, and hit him in the teeth with our works, and
think thereby to be justified before him; but God will not allow it.
CCCV.
This article, how we are saved, is the chief of
the whole Christian doctrine, to which all divine disputations must be
directed. All the prophets were chiefly engaged upon it, and sometimes much
perplexed about it. For when this article is kept fast and sure by a constant
faith, then all other articles draw on softly after, as that of the Holy
Trinity, etc. God has declared no article so plainly and openly as this, that
we are saved only by Christ; though he speaks much of the Holy Trinity, yet he
dwells continually upon this article of the salvation of our souls; other
articles are of great weight, but this surpasses all.
CCCVI.
A capuchin says: wear a grey coat and a hood,
a rope round thy body, and sandals on thy feet. A cordelier says: put on a
black hood; an ordinary papist says: do this or that work, hear mass, pray,
fast, give alms, etc. But a true Christian says: I am justified and saved only
by faith in Christ, without any works or merits of my own; compare these
together, and judge which is the true righteousness.
CCCVII.
Christ says: "The spirit is willing, but the
flesh is weak;" St Paul also says: the spirit willingly would give itself
wholly unto God, would trust in him, and be obedient; but natural reason and
understanding, flesh and blood, resist and will not go forward. Therefore our
Lord God must needs have patience and bear with us. God will not put out the
glimmering flax; the faithful have as yet but only the first fruits of the
spirit; they have not the fulfilling, but the tenth.
CCCVIII.
I well understand that St Paul was also weak
in faith, whence he boasted and said, "I am a servant of God, and an apostle of
Jesus Christ." An angel stood by him at sea, and comforted him, and when he
came to Rome, he was comforted as he saw the brethren come out to meet him.
Hereby we see what the communion and company does of such as fear God. The Lord
commanded the disciples to remain together in one place, before they received
the Holy Ghost, and to comfort one another; for Christ well knew that
adversaries would assault them.
CCCIX.
A Christian must be well armed, grounded, and
furnished with sentences out of God's Word, that so he may stand and defend
religion and himself against the devil, in case he should be asked to embrace
another doctrine.
CCCX.
When at the last day we shall live again, we
shall blush for shame, and say to ourselves: "fie on thee, in that thou hast
not been more courageous, bold, and strong to believe in Christ, and to endure
all manner of adversities, crosses, and persecutions, seeing his glory is so
great. If I were now in the world, I would not stick to suffer ten thousand
times more."
CCXI.
Although a man knew, and could do as much as
the angels in heaven, yet all this would not make him a Christian, unless he
knew Christ and believed in him. God says: "Let not the wise man glory in his
wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might; let not the rich man
glory in his riches; but let him that glorieth, glory in this, that he
understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the Lord, which doth exercise
lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness," etc.
CCCXII.
The article of our justification before God is as
with a son who is born heir to all his father's goods, and comes not thereunto
by deserts, but naturally, or ordinary course. But yet, meantime, his father
admonishes him to do such and such things, and promises him gifts to make him
the more willing. As when he says to him: if thou wilt be good, be obedient,
study diligently, then I will buy thee a fine coat; or, come hither to me, and
I will give thee an apple. In such sort does he teach his son industry; though
the whole inheritance belongs unto him of course, yet will he make him, by
promises, pliable and willing to do what he would have done.
Even so God deals with us; he is loving unto us
with friendly and sweet words, promises us spiritual and temporal blessings,
though everlasting life is presented unto thee who believe in Christ, by mere
grace and mercy, gratis, without any merits, works, or worthynesses.
And this ought we to teach in the church and in
the assembly of God, that God will have upright and good works, which he has
commanded, not such as we ourselves take in hand, of our own choice and
devotion, or well meaning, as the friars and priests teach in popedom, for such
works are not pleasing to God, as Christ says: "In vain do they worship me,
teaching for doctrines the commandments of men," etc. We must teach of good
works, yet always so that the article of justification remain pure and
unfalseified. For Christ neither can nor will endure any beside himself; he
will have the bride alone; he is full of jealousy.
Should we teach: if thou believest, thou shalt be
saved, whatsoever thou doest; that were stark naught; for faith is either false
or feigned, or, though it be upright, yet is eclipsed, when people wittingly
and willfully sin against God's command. And the Holy Spirit, which is given to
the faithful, departs by reason of evil works done against the conscience, as
the example of David sufficiently testifies.
CCCXIII.
As to ceremonies and ordinances, the kingdom
of love must have precedence and government, and not tyranny. It must be a
willing, not a halter love; it must altogether be directed and construed for
the good and profit of the neighbor; and the greater he that governs, the more
he ought to serve according to love.
CCCXIV.
The love towards our neighbor must be like the
pure and chaste love between bride and bridegroom, where all faults are
connived at and borne with, and only the virtues regarded.
CCCXV.
Believest thou? then thou wilt speak boldly.
Speakest thou boldly? then thou must suffer. Sufferest thou? then thou shalt be
comforted. For faith, the confession thereof, and the cross, follow one upon
another.
Give and it shall be given unto you: this is a
fine maxim, and makes people poor and rich; it is that which maintains my
house. I would not boast, but I well know what I give away in the year. If my
gracious lord and master, the prince elector, should give a gentleman two
thousand florins, this should hardly answer to the cost of my housekeeping for
one year; and yet I have but three hundred florins a year, but God blesses
these and makes them suffice.
There is in Austria a monastery, which, in former
times, was very rich, and remained rich so long as it was charitable to the
poor; but when it ceased to give, then it became indigent, and is so to this
day. Not long since, a poor man went there and solicited alms, which was denied
him; he demanded the cause why they refused to give for God's sake? The porter
of the monastery answered: We are become poor; whereupon the mendicant said:
The cause of your poverty is this: ye had formerly in this monastery two
brethren, the one named Date (give), and the other Dabitur (it
shall be given you). The former ye thrust out; the other went away of
himself.
We are bound to help one's neighbor three manner
of ways - with giving, lending, and selling. But no man gives; every one
scrapes and claws all to himself; each would willingly steal, but give nothing,
and lend but upon usury. No man sells unless he can over-reach his neighbor;
therefore is Dabitur gone, and our Lord God will bless us no more so
richly. Beloved, he that desires to have anything, must also give: a liberal
hand was never in want, or empty.
CCCXVII.
Desert is a work nowhere to be found, for
Christ gives a reward by reason of the promise. If the prince elector should
say to me: Come to the court, and I will give thee one hundred florins, I
perform a work in going to the court, yet I receive not the gift by reason of
my work in going thither, but by reason of the promise the prince made me.
CCCXVIII.
I marvel at the madness and bitterness of
Wetzell, in undertaking to write so much against the Protestants, assailing us
without rhyme or reason, and, as we say, getting a case out of hedge; as where
he rages against this principle of ours, that the works and acts of a farmer,
husbandman, or any other good and godly Christian, if done in faith, are far
more precious in the sight of God, than all the works of monks, friars, nuns,
etc. This poor, ignorant fellow gets very angry against us, regarding not the
works which God has commanded and imposed upon each man in his vocation, state
and calling. He heeds only superstitious practices, devised for show and
effect, which God neither commands nor approves of.
St Paul, in his epistles, wrote of good works and
virtues more energetically and truthfully than all the philosophers; for he
extols highly the works of godly Christians, in their respective vocations and
callings. Let Wetzell know that David's wars and battles were more pleasing to
God than the fastings and prayings even of the holiest of the old monks,
setting aside altogether the works of the monks of our time, which are simply
ridiculous.
CCCXIX.
I never work better than when I am inspired
by anger; when I am angry, I can write, pray, and preach well, for then my
whole temperament is quickened, my understanding sharpened, and all mundane
vexations and temptations depart.
CCCXX.
Dr. Justus Jonas asked me if the thoughts and
words of the prophet Jeremiah were Christianlike, when he cursed the day of his
birth. I said: We must now and then wake up our Lord God with such words.
Jeremiah had cause to murmur in this way. Did not our Saviour Christ say: "O
faithless and perverse generation! How long shall I be with you, and suffer
you?" Moses also took God in hand, where he said: "Wherefore hast thou
afflicted thy servant? Have I conceived all this people? Have I begotten
them?"
CCCXXI.
A man must needs be plunged in bitter
affliction when in his heart he means good, and yet is not regarded. I can
never get rid of these cogitations, wishing I had never begun this business
with the pope. So, too, I desire myself rather dead than to hear or see God's
Word and his servants condemned; but `tis the frailty of our nature to be thus
discouraged.
They who condemn the movement of anger against
antagonists, are theologians who deal in mere speculations; they play with
words, and occupy themselves with subtleties, but when they are aroused, and
take a real interest in the matter, they are touched sensibly.
CCCXXII.
"In quietness and in confidence shall be your
strength." This sentence I expounded thus: If thou intendest to vanquish the
greatest, the most abominable and wickedest enemy, who is able to do thee
mischief both in body and soul, and against whom thou preparest all sorts of
weapons, but canst not overcome; then know that there is a sweet and loving
physical herb to serve thee, named Patienta.
Thou wilt say: how may I attain this physic? Take
unto thee faith, which says: no creature can do me mischief without the will of
God. In case thou receivest hurt and mischief by thine enemy, this is done by
the sweet and gracious will of God, in such sort that the enemy hurts himself a
thousand times more than he does thee. Hence flows unto us, a Christian, the
love which says: I will, instead of the evil which mine enemy does unto me, do
him all the good I can; I will heap coals of fire upon his head. This is the
Christian armor and weapon, wherewith to beat and overcome those enemies that
seem to be like huge mountains. In a word, love teaches to suffer and endure
all things.
CCCXXIII.
A certain honest and God-fearing man at
Wittenberg, told me, that though he lived peaceably with every one, hurt no
man, was ever quiet, yet many people were enemies unto him. I comforted him in
this manner: Arm thyself with patience, and be not angry though they hate thee;
what offence, I pray, do we give the devil? What ails him to be so great an
enemy unto us? only because he has not that which God has; I know no other
cause of his vehement hatred towards us. If God give thee to eat, eat; if he
cause thee to fast, be resigned thereto; gives he the honors? take them; hurt
or shame? endure it; casts he thee into prison? murmur not; will he make thee a
king? obey him; casts he thee down again? heed it not.
CCCXXIV.
Patience is the most excellent of the
virtues, and, in Sacred Writ, highly praised and recommended by the Holy Ghost.
The learned heathen philosophers applaud it, but they do not know its genuine
basis, being without the assistance of God. Epictetus, the wise and judicious
Greek, said very well: "Suffer and abstain."
CCCXXV.
It was the custom of old, in burying the
dead, to lay their heads towards the sun-rising, by reason of a spiritual
mystery and signification therein manifested; but this was not an enforced law.
So all laws and ceremonies should be free in the church, and not be done on
compulsion, being things which neither justify nor condemn in the sight of God,
but are observed merely for the sake of orderly discipline.
CCCXXVI.
The righteousness of works and hypocrisy are
the most mischievous diseases born in us, and not easily expelled, especially
when they are confirmed and settled upon us by use and practice; for all
mankind will have dealings with Almighty God, and dispute with him, according
to their human natural understanding, and will make satisfaction to God for
their sins, with their own strength and self-chosen works. For my part, I have
so often deceived our Lord God by promising to be upright and good, that I will
promise no more, but will only pray for a happy hour, when it shall please God
to make me good.
CCCXXVII.
A popish priest once once argued with me in
this manner: Evil works are damned, therefore good works justify. I answered:
This your argument is nothing worth; it concludes not ratione
contrariorum; the things are not in connection; evil works are evil in
complete measure, because they proceed from a heart that is altogether spoiled
and evil; but good works, yea, even in an upright Christian, are incompletely
good; for they proceed out of a weak obedience but little recovered and
restored. Whoso can say from his heart, I am a sinner, but God is righteous;
and who, at the point of death, from his heart can say; Lord Jesus Christ, I
commit my spirit into thy hands, may assure himself of true righteousness, and
that he is not of the number of those that blaspheme God, in relying upon their
own works and righteousness.
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