[Footnote 59: The papal advocates can soften the symbolic
meaning of the banner and the keys; but the style of ad
regnum dimisimus, or direximus, (Codex Carolin. epist. i.
tom. iii. pars ii. p. 76,) seems to allow of no palliation
or escape. In the Ms. of the Vienna library, they read,
instead of regnum, rogum, prayer or request (see Ducange;)
and the royalty of Charles Martel is subverted by this
important correction, (Catalani, in his Critical Prefaces,
Annali d'Italia, tom. xvii. p. 95-99.)]