[Footnote 45: Pipino regi Francorum, omnis senatus, atque
universa populi generalitas a Deo servatae Romanae urbis.
Codex Carolin. epist. 36, in Script. Ital. tom. iii. pars
ii. p. 160. The names of senatus and senator were never
totally extinct, (Dissert. Chorograph. p. 216, 217;) but in
the middle ages they signified little more than nobiles,
optimates, &c., (Ducange, Gloss. Latin.)]