[Footnote 55: Maffei has proved, (Verona Illustrata. P. i.
l. x. p. 257, 289,) against the common opinion, that the
dukes of Italy were instituted before the conquest of the
Lombards, by Narses himself. In the Pragmatic Sanction,
(No. 23,) Justinian restrains the judices militares.]