168. Arcadius Charisius is the oldest lawyer quoted in the
Pandects to justify the universal practice of torture in all
cases of treason; but this maxim of tyranny, which is
admitted by Ammianus (1. xix. c. 12) with the most
respectful terror, is enforced by several laws of the
successors of Constantine See Cod. Theod. 1. ix. tit. xxxv.
In majestatis crimine omnibus aequa est conditio [leg. 1.]