305-306
Galerius
305-311
Maxentius (not recognized by the others)
}{stfrs=4}{stfvac}
306-312
Licinius
307-323
Maximin II
308-313
Constantine
308-337
The Bishops of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, mentioned by Eusebius.
Bishops of Rome.
(Dates taken from the table given by Lipsius in his Chronologie der röm. Bischöfe, p. 26 sq.)
Linus.
Anencletus.
Clement.
Evarestus.
Alexander.
Xystus I, for about ten years; died between 124 and 126.
Telesphorus, 11 years; died between 135 and 137.
Hyginus, 4 years; died between 139 and 141.
Pius, 15-16 years; died between 154 and 156.
Anicetus, 11-12 years; died in 166 or 167.
Soter, 8-9 years; died in 174 or 175.
Eleutherus, 15 years; died in 189.
Victor, 9-10 years; 189-198 or 199.
Zephyrinus, 18-19 years; 198 or 199-217 (Aug. 26?).
Callistus, 5 years; 217-Oct. 14, 222.
Urbanus, 8 years; 222-230 (May 19?).
Pontianus, 5 years 2 months 7 days; (July 21 ?), 230-Sept. 28, 235.
Anteros, 1 month 12 days; Nov. 21, 235-Jan. 3, 236.
Fabianus, 14 years 10 days; 236-Jan. 20, 250. Vacancy from Jan. 21, 250-March, 251.
Cornelius, 2 years 3 months 10 days; beginning of March, 251-middle of June, 253.
Lucius, 8 months 10 days; June (25?), 253-March 5, 254.
Stephanus, 3 years 2 months 21 days; (May 12?), 254-Aug. 6, 258.
Xystus II., 11 months 12 days (6?) days; Aug. 24 (31?), 257-Aug. 6, 258.
Dionysius, 9 years 5 months 2 days; July 22, 259-Dec. 27, 268.
Felix I., 5 years 11 months 25 days; Jan. 5, 269-Dec. 30, 274.
Eutychian, 8 years 11 months 3 days; (Jan. 5?) 275-Dec. 8, 283.
Caius, 12 years 4 months 6 days; Dec. 17, 283-April 22, 296.
Marcellinus, 8 years, 2 months 25 days; June 30, 296-(Oct. 25?), 304. Vacancy until 307.
Marcellus, 1 year 7 months 21 days; (May 24?), 307-Jan. 15, 309.
Eusebius, 3 (4?) months 23 (16?) days; April 23 (16?), 309-Aug. 17, 309. Vacancy until 310.
Miltiades, 3 years 6 months 8 days; July 2, 310-Jan. 10 (11?), 314.
Bishops of Alexandria.
Annianus.
Abilius.
Cerdon.
Primus.
Justus.
Eumenes.
Marcus.
Celadion.
Agrippinus.
Julian.
Demetrius.
Heraclas.
Dionysius.
Maximus.
Theonas.
Peter.
Bishops of Jerusalem.
James.
Symeon.
Justus.
Zacchaeus.
Tobias.
Benjamin.
John.
Matthias.
Philip.
Seneca.
Justus.
Levi.
Ephres.
Joseph.
Judas.
Marcus.
Cassianus.
Publius.
Maximus I.
Julian I.
Gaius I.
Symmachus.
Gaius II.
Julian II.
Capito.
Maximus II.
Antoninus.
Valens.
Dolichianus.
Narcissus.
Dius.
Germanio.
Gordius.
Narcisscus, a second time.
Alexander.
Mazabanes.
Hymenaeus.
Zambdas.
Hermon.
Table showing the Roman Method of counting the Days of the Month.
(Taken from the Encyclopedia Britannica, article Calender.)
Days of the Month.
MarchJanuAprilFebruary.
1
Kalendae.
Kalendae.
Kalendae.
Kalendae.
2
6
4
4
4
3
5
3
3
3
4
4
Prid. Nonas.
Prid. Nonas.
Prid. Nonas.
5
3
Nonae.
Nonae.
Nonae.
6
Prid. Nonas.
8
8
8
7
Nonae.
7
7
7
8
8
6
6
6
9
7
5
5
5
10
6
4
4
4
11
5
3
3
3
12
4
Prid. Idus.
Prid. Idus.
Prid. Idus.
13
3
Idus.
Idus.
Idus.
14
Prid. Idus.
19
18
16
15
Idus.
18
17
15
16
17
17
16
14
17
16
16
15
13
18
15
15
14
12
19
14
14
13
11
20
13
13
12
10
21
12
12
11
9
22
11
11
10
8
23
10
10
9
7
24
9
9
8
6
25
8
8
7
5
26
7
7
6
4
"Instead of distinguishing the days by the ordinal numbers, first, second, third, etc., the Romans counted backwards from three fixed epochs; namely, the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides. The Kalends were invariably the first day of the month, and were so denominated because it had been an ancient custom of the pontiffs to call the people together on that day, to apprise them of the festivals, or days that were to be kept sacred during the month. The Ides (from an obsolete verb iduare, to divide) were at the middle of the month, either the 13th or the 15th day; and the Nones were the ninth day before the Ides, counting inclusively. From these three terms the days received their denomination in the following manner:-
"Those which were comprised between the Kalends and the Nones were called the days before the Nones; those between the Nones and the Ides were called the days before the Ides; and, lastly, all the days after the Ides to the end of the month were called the days before the Kalends of the succeeding month.
"In the months of March, May, July, and October, the Ides fell on the 15th day, and the Nones consequently on the 7th: so that each of these months had six days named from the Nones. In all the other months the Ides were on the 13th and the Nones were on the 5th; consequently there were only four days named from the Nones. Every month had eight days named from the Ides. The number of days receiving their denomination from the Kalends depended on the number of days in the month and the day on which the Ides fell. For example, if the month contained 31 days, and the Ides fell on the 13th as was the case in January, August, and December, there would remain 18 days after the Ides, which, added to the first of the following month, made 19 days of Kalends. In January, therefore, the 14th day of the month was called the nineteenth before the Kalends of February (counting inclusively), the 15th was the 18th before the Kalends, and so on to the 30th, which was called the third before the Kalends (tertio Kalendas), the last being the second of the Kalends, or the day before the Kalends (pridie Kalendas)."
Table of Macedonian Months
The months of the Macedonian year, as commonly employed in the time of Eusebius, corresponded exactly to the Roman months, but the year began with the first of September. The names of the months were as follows:-
Macedonian
Roman
1. Gorpiaeus
September
2. Hyperberetaeus
October
3. Dius
November
4. Apellaeus
December
5. Audynaeus
January
6. Peritius
February
7. Dystrus
March
8. Xanthicus
April
9. Artemisius
May
10. Daesius
June
11. Panemus
July
12. Loü
