23. JUDAS ISCARIOT
Matt. 26:20-23; Mark 14:17-21; Luke 22:21-23; John 13:21-30.
Besides the feet-washing and the institution of
the Supper, yet another scene occurred on the night preceding the Lord's death,
helping to render it forever memorable. On the same night, during the course of
the evening meal,[23.1] Jesus exposed and expelled the false disciple, who had
undertaken to deliver his Master into the hands of those who sought His life.
Already, while occupied with the washing, He had made premonitory allusions to
the fact that there was a traitor among the twelve, hinting that they were not
all clean, and insinuating that there was one of them who knew and would not
do. Having finished and explained the service of lowly love, He next proceeded
to the unwelcome task of indicating distinctly to which of the disciples He had
been alluding. With spirit troubled at thought of the painful duty, and
shuddering in presence of such satanic wickedness, He introduced the subject by
making the general announcement: "Verily, verily, I say unto you, that one of
you shall betray me." Thereafter, in answer to inquiries, He indicated the
particular individual, by explaining that the traitor was he to whom He should
give a sop or morsel after He had dipped it.[23.2
The fact then announced was new to the disciples,
but it was not new to their Master. Jesus had known all along that there was a
traitor in the camp. He had even hinted as much a full year before. But,
excepting on that one occasion, He had not spoken of the matter hitherto, but
had patiently borne it as a secret burden on His own heart. Now, however, the
secret may be hid no longer. The hour is come when the Son of man must be
glorified. Judas, for his part, has made up his mind to be the instrument of
betraying his Lord to death; and such bad work, once resolved on, should by all
means be done without delay. Then Jesus wants to be rid of the false disciple's
company. He desires to spend the few last hours of His life in tender,
confidential fellowship with His faithful ones, free from the irritation and
distraction caused by the presence of an undeclared yet deadly enemy. Therefore
He does not wait till it pleases Judas to depart; He bids him go, asserting His
authority over him even after he has renounced his allegiance and given himself
up to the devil's service. Reaching the sop, He says to him in effect: "I know
thee, Judas; thou art the man: thou host resolved to betray me: away, then, and
do it." And then He says expressly: "That thou does, do quickly." It was an
order to go, and go at once.
Judas took the hint. He "went immediately out,"
and so finally quitted the society of which he had been an unworthy member. One
wonders how such a man ever got in,--how he ever was admitted into such a holy
fellowship,--how he came to be chosen one of the twelve. Did Jesus not know the
real character of this man when He chose Him? The words of our Lord, spoken
just before, forbid us to think this. "I know," said He, while expounding the
feet-washing, "whom I have chosen," meaning, evidently, to claim knowledge of
them all, Judas included, at the time He chose them. Did He then choose Judas,
knowing what he was, that He might have among the twelve one by whom He might
be betrayed, and the Scriptures in that particular be fulfilled? So He seems to
hint in the declaration just alluded to; for He goes on to say: "But that the
scripture may be fulfilled, He that eightieth bread with me heath lifted up his
heel against me."[23.3] But it is not credible that Iscariot was chosen merely
to be a traitor, as an actor might be chosen by a theater manager to play the
part of Iago. The end pointed at in the scripture quoted might be ultimately
served by his being chosen, but that end was not the motive of the choice. We
may regard these two points as certain: on the one hand, that Judas did not
become a follower of Jesus with treacherous intentions; and on the other, that
Jesus did not elect Judas to be one of the twelve because He foreknew that he
would eventually become a traitor.
If the choice of the false disciple was not due
either to ignorance or to foreknowledge, how is it to be explained? The only
explanation that can be given is, that, apart from secret insight, Judas was to
all appearance an eligible man, and could not be passed over on any grounds
coming under ordinary observation. His qualities must have been such, that one
not possessing the eye of omniscience, looking on him, would have been disposed
to say of him what Samuel said of Eliab: "Surely the Lord's anointed is before
him."[23.4] In that case, his election by Jesus is perfectly intelligible. The
Head of the church simply did what the church has to do in analogous instances.
The church chooses men to fill sacred offices on a conjunct view of ostensible
qualifications, such as knowledge, zeal, apparent piety, and correctness of
outward conduct. In so doing she sometimes makes unhappy appointments, and
confers dignity on persons of the Judas type, who dishonor the positions they
fill. The mischief resulting is great; but Christ has taught us, by His example
in choosing Judas, as also by the parable of the tares, that we must submit to
the evil, and leave the remedy in higher hands. Out of evil God often brings
good, as He did in the case of the traitor.
Supposing Judas to have been chosen to the
apostleship on the ground of apparent fitness, what manner of man would that
imply? A vulgar, conscious hypocrite, seeking some mean by-end, while
professedly aiming at a higher? Not necessarily; not probably. Rather such an
one as Jesus indirectly described Judas to be when He made the reflection: "If
ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them." The false disciple was a
sentimental, plausible, self-deceived pietist, who knew and approved the good,
though not conscientiously practicing it; one who, in ,esthetic feeling, in
fancy, and in intellect, had affinities for the noble and the holy, while in
will and in conduct he was the slave of base, selfish passions; one who, in the
last resource, would always put self uppermost, yet could zealously devote
himself to well-doing when personal interests were not compromised--in short,
what the Apostle James calls a two-minded man.[23.5] In thus describing Judas,
we draw not the picture of a solitary monster. Men of such a type are by no
means so rare as some may imagine. History, sacred and profane, supplies
numerous examples of them, playing an important part in human affairs. Balaam,
who had the vision of a prophet and the soul of a miser, was such a man.
Robespierre, the evil genius of the French Revolution, was another. The man who
sent thousands to the guillotine had in his younger days resigned his office as
a provincial judge, because it was against his conscience to pronounce sentence
of death on a culprit found guilty of a capital offence.[23.6] A third example,
more remarkable than either, may be found in the famous Greek Alcibiades, who,
to unbounded ambition, unscrupulousness, and licentiousness, united a warm
attachment to the greatest and best of the Greeks. The man who in after years
betrayed the cause of his native city, and went over to the side of her
enemies, was in his youth an enthusiastic admirer and disciple of Socrates. How
he felt towards the Athenian sage may be gathered from words put into his mouth
by Plato in one of his dialogues--words which involuntarily suggest a parallel
between the speaker and the unworthy follower of a greater than Socrates: "I
experience towards this man alone (Socrates) what no one would believe me
capable of, a sense of shame. For I am conscious of an inability to contradict
him, and decline to do what he bids me; and when I go away I feel myself
overcome by the desire of popular esteem. Therefore I flee from him, and avoid
him. But when I see him, I am ashamed of my admissions, and oftentimes I would
be glad if he ceased to exist among the living; and yet I know well, that were
that to happen, I should be still more grieved."[23.7
The character of Judas being such as we have
described, the possibility at least of his turning a traitor becomes
comprehensible. One who loves himself more than any man, however good, or any
cause, however holy, is always capable of bad faith more or less heinous. He is
a traitor at heart from the outset, and all that is wanted is a set of
circumstances calculated to bring into play the evil elements of his nature.
The question therefore arises, What were the circumstances which converted
Judas from a possible into an actual traitor?
This is a question very hard indeed to answer.
The crime committed by Iscariot, through which he has earned for himself "a
frightful renown," remains, in spite of all the discussion whereof it has been
the subject, still mysterious and unaccountable. Many attempts have been made
to assign probable motives for the nefarious deed, some tending to excuse the
doer, and others to aggravate his guilt; all more or less conjectural, and none
perfectly satisfactory. As for the Gospel narratives, they do not explain, but
merely record, the wickedness of Judas. The synoptical evangelists do indeed
mention that the traitor made a bargain with the priests, and received from
them a sum of money for the service rendered; and John, in his narrative of the
anointing at Bethany, takes occasion to state that the faultfinding disciple
was a thief, appropriating to his own uses money out of the common purse, of
which he had charge.[23.8] These facts, of course, show Iscariot to have been a
covetous man. None but a man of greedy, covetous spirit could have taken money
for such a service. A vindictive man, whose vanity had been wounded, or who
fancied himself in some way wronged, might play the traitor for love of
revenge, but he would scorn to be paid for his work. The petty pilfering from
the bag was also a sure sign of a mean, sordid soul. Perhaps the very fact of
his being the purse-bearer to the company of Jesus may be regarded as an
indication that his heart hankered after greed. He got the bag to carry, we
imagine, because the other disciples were all supremely careless about money
matters, while he had decided proclivities towards finance, and showed a desire
to have charge of the superfluous funds. All the rest would be only too glad to
find a brother willing to take the trouble; and having imbibed the spirit of
their Master's precept, Take no thought for the morrow, they would not think of
presenting themselves as rival candidates for the office.
The evangelists do therefore most distinctly
represent Judas as a covetous man. But they do not represent his covetousness
as the sole, or even as the principal, motive of his crime. That, indeed, it
can hardly have been. For, in the first place, would it not have been a better
speculation to have continued pursebearer, with facilities for appropriating
its contents, than to sell his Master for a paltry sum not exceeding five
pounds?9] f23.9Then what could induce a man whose chief and ruling passion was
to amass money to become a disciple of Jesus at all? Surely following Him who
had no place where to lay His head was not a likely way to money-making! Then,
finally, how account for the repentance of the traitor, so great in its
vehemence, though most unholy in its nature, on the hypothesis that his sole
object was to gain a few pieces of silver? Avarice may make a man of splendid
talents thoroughly mercenary and unscrupulous, as is said to have been the case
with the famous Duke of Marlborough; but it is rarely, indeed, that a man given
up to avaricious habits takes seriously to heart the crimes committed under
their influence. It is the nature of avarice to destroy conscience, and to make
all things, however sacred, venal. Whence, then, that mighty volcanic up
heaving in the breast of Judas? Surely other passions were at work in his soul
when he sold his Lord than the cold and hardening love of gain!
Pressed by this difficulty, some have suggested
that, in betraying Jesus, Judas was actuated principally by feelings of
jealousy or spite, arising out of internal dissensions or imagined injuries.
This suggestion is in itself not improbable. Offences might very easily come
from various sources. The mere fact that Judas was not a Galilean,[23.10] but a
native of another province, might give rise to misunderstanding. Human
sympathies and antipathies depend on very little things. Kinsmanship, a common
name, or a common birthplace, have far more power than the grand bonds which
connect us with all the race. In religion the same remark holds good. The ties
of a common Lord, a common hope, and a common spiritual life, are feeble as
compared with those of sect and sectional religious custom and opinion. Then
who knows what offences sprang from those disputes among the disciples who
should be the greatest in the kingdom? What if the man of Kerioth had been made
to feel that, whoever was to be the greatest, he at least had no chance, not
being a Galilean? The mean, narrow habits of Judas as treasurer would be a
third cause of bad feeling in the apostolic company. Supposing his dishonesty
to have escaped observation, his tendency to put the interest of the bag above
the objects for which its contents were destined, and so to dole out supplies
either for the company or for the poor grudgingly, would be sure to be noticed,
and, being noticed, would certainly, in such an outspoken society, not fail to
be remarked on.[23.11]
These reflections show how ill-feeling might have
arisen between Judas and his fellow-disciples; but what we have to account for
is the hatred of the false disciple against his Master. Had Jesus, then, done
any thing to offend the man by whom He was betrayed? Yes! He had seen through
him, and that was offence enough! For, of course, Judas knew that he was seen
through. Men cannot live together in close fellowship long without coming to
know with what feelings they are regarded by each other. If I distrust a
brother, he will find it out, even should I attempt to conceal it. But the
guileless and faithful One would make no attempt at concealment. He would not,
indeed, offensively obtrude His distrust on the notice of Judas, but neither
would He studiously hide it, to make matters go smoothly between them. He who
so faithfully corrected the faults of the other disciples would do His duty to
this one also, and make him aware that he regarded his spirit and evil habits
with disapprobation, in order to bring him to repentance. And what the effect
of such dealing would be it is not difficult to imagine. On a Peter, correction
had a most wholesome influence; it brought him at once to a right mind. In the
case of a Judas the result would be very different. The mere consciousness that
Jesus did not think well of him, and still more the shame of an open rebuke,
would breed sullen resentment and ever-deepening alienation of heart; till at
length love was turned to hatred, and the impenitent disciple began to cherish
vindictive passions.
The manner in which the betrayal was gone about
supports the idea that the agent was actuated by malicious, revengeful
feelings. Not content with giving such information as would enable the Jewish
authorities to get their Victim into their hands, Judas conducted the band that
was sent to apprehend his Master, and even pointed Him out to them by an
affectionate salutation. To one in a vengeful mood that kiss might be sweet;
but to a man in any other mood, even though he were a traitor, how abhorrent
and abominable! The salutation was entirely gratuitous: it was not necessary
for the success of the plot; for the military detachment was furnished with
torches, and Judas could have indicated Jesus to them while he himself kept in
the background. But that way would not satisfy a bosom friend turned to be a
mortal enemy.[23.12]
Along with malice and greed, the instinct of
self-preservation may have had a place among the motives of Judas. Perfidy
might be recommended by the suggestions of selfish prudence. The traitor was a
shrewd man, and believed that a catastrophe was near. He understood better than
his single-minded brethren the situation of affairs; for the children of this
world are wiser in their generation than the children of light. The other
disciples, by their generous enthusiasms and patriotic hopes, were blinded to
the signs of the times; but the false disciple, just because he was less noble,
was more discerning. Disaster, then, being imminent, what was to be done? What
but turn king's vidence, and make terms for himself, so that Christ's loss
might be his gain? If this baseness could be perpetrated under pretense of
provocation, why then, so much the better!
These observations help to bring the crime of
Judas Iscariot within the range of human experience, and on this account it was
worth our while to make them; for it is not desirable that we should think of
the traitor as an absolutely unique character, as the solitary perfect
incarnation of satanic wickedness.[23.13] We should rather so think of his
crime as that the effect of contemplating it on our minds shall be to make us,
like the disciples, ask, Is it I?[23.14] "Who can understand his errors? Keep
back Thy servant from presumptuous sins." There have been many traitors besides
Judas, who, from malice or for gain, have played false to noble men and noble
causes; some of them perhaps even worse men than he. It was his unenviable
distinction to betray the most exalted of all victims; but many who have been
substantially guilty of his sin have not taken it so much to heart, but have
been able to live happily after their deed of villainy was wrought.
Yet, while it is important for our warning not to
conceive of Judas as an isolated sinner, it is also most desirable that we
should regard his crime as an incomprehensible mystery of iniquity. It is in
this light that the fourth evangelist would have us look at it. He could have
told us much about the mutual relations of Judas and Jesus tending to explain
the deed of the former. But he has not chosen to do so. The only explanation he
gives of the traitor's crime is, that Satan had taken possession of him. This
he mentions twice over in one chapter, as if to express his own horror, and to
awaken similar horror in his readers.[23.15] And to deepen the impression,
after relating the exit of Judas, he adds the suggestive reflection that it
took place after nightfall: "He then, having received the sop, went immediately
out: and it was night." Fit time for such an errand!
Judas went out and betrayed his Lord to death,
and then he went and took his own life. What a tragic accompaniment to the
crucifixion was that suicide! What an impressive illustration of the evil of a
double mind! To be happy in some fashion, Judas should either have been a
better man or a worse. Had he been better, he would have been saved from his
crime; had he been worse, he would have escaped torment before the time. As it
was, he was bad enough to do the deed of infamy, and good enough to be unable
to bear the burden of its guilt. Woe to such a man! Better for him, indeed,
that he had never been born!
What a melancholy end was that of Judas to an
auspicious beginning! Chosen to be a companion of the Son of man, and an eye
and ear witness of His work, once engaged in preaching the gospel and casting
out devils; now possessed of the devil himself, driven on by him to damnable
deeds, and finally employed by a righteous Providence to take vengeance on his
own crime. In view of this history, how shallow the theory that resolves all
moral differences between men into the effect of circumstances! Who was ever
better circumstanced for becoming good than Judas? Yet the very influences
which ought to have fostered goodness served only to provoke into activity
latent evil.
What a bitter cross must the constant presence of
such a man as Judas have been to the pure, loving heart of Jesus! Yet how
patiently it was borne for years! Herein He is an example and a comfort to His
true followers, and for this end among others had He this cross to bear. The
Redeemer of men had a companion who lifted up his heel against Him, that in
this as in all other respects He might be like unto, and able to succor, His
brethren. Has any faithful servant of Christ to complain that his love has been
requited by hatred, his truth with bad faith; or that he is obliged to treat as
a true Christian one whom he more than suspects to be a hypocrite? It is a hard
trial, but let him look unto Jesus and be patient
This document (last modifiedSeptember 17, 1997) from Believerscafe.com
Home | Bible versions | Bible Dictionary | Christian Classics | Christian Articles | Daily Devotions
Sister Projects: Wikichristian | WikiMD
BelieversCafe is a large collection of christian articles with over 40,000 pages
Our sponsors: 
